A Cognitive Systems Engineering Approach to the Design of Decision Support Systems
نویسندگان
چکیده
Cognitive Biases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 658 Designer Error. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659 Systems Approaches to Error. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . .. . .659 Errors and Cognitive Biases-Implications for Design. .659 Human Expertise 659 Descriptive Models. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 660 Normative Optimal Models . .. . . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. 660 Human Expertise-Implications for Design 661 AdditionalCognitiveEngineeringConsiderations 661 The Human Operator as Monitor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661 Complacency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 662 ExcessiveMentalWorkload. . . . .. . .. .. .. . . . .. . .. . . . . . 662 Lack of Awareness or Understanding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 662 Lack of Trust and User Acceptance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 662 Active Biasing of the User's Cognitive Processes. . . . . . . 662 Distributed Work and Alternative Roles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 662 Organizational Failures. . . . .. . . . . .. .. .. .. . . . .. . .. . . . . .662 Case Studies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .662 Case Study A. Interactive Critiquing as a Form of Decision Support. . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . 663 The Application Area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663 The Design Solution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 665 Evaluation of the Implemented Solution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666 Case Study A-Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666 Case Study B. Software Associates: Decisions in Real-Time, High-Stakes Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666 The Application Area. . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . .. .. .. . . . . . . . . 667
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